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Torque converters are fluid coupling devices used to transmit rotational power from an engine or prime mover to a driven load, typically found in automatic transmissions or industrial power applications.
Modern torque converters can boost engine output two to three times when operating at high speeds, enabling for quicker acceleration. They also feature lockup mechanics to keep working even when the vehicle stops moving.
Impeller
An impeller of a torque converter serves as the pump that transfers power from the engine to the output shaft, rotating at equal speed as its crankshaft. As more fluid passes through it, more force it can generate and the faster its rotation enables output shaft rotation when driver takes foot off gas pedal and starts driving vehicle.
Torque converters consist of three parts – impeller, turbine and stator. Each part serves a specific function in the converter.
Torque converters require a stator that directs fluid leaving the turbine directly into its intended destination in the impeller, as without this feature it may flow in an unpredictable fashion and cause the impeller to stop spinning altogether. Without such a device in place, fluid may flow in an unpredictable fashion and potentially cause it to stall completely.
For this reason, a stator must be placed between impeller and turbine to address this problem. With its curved and angled blades, a stator modifies fluid direction before entering impellers.
Redirecting fluid back towards the impeller allows it to be converted more effectively into torque by the impeller – this process, known as torque multiplication, allows faster spinning for the impeller.
In order to accomplish this goal, the stator employs a one-way roller clutch assembly that locks it in place during acceleration while permitting freewheeling during deceleration. Furthermore, this clutch prevents clockwise rotation to help redirect fluid back into its impeller when acceleration begins.
An essential component in the stator is a reaction member with smaller vanes that help reroute oil that leaves the turbine and enters the impeller, increasing torque output while decreasing stall rates.
Response members include a lock-up clutch that comes into effect when an impeller and turbine are coupled to the transmission input shaft. This clutch consists of a disc secured to the turbine hub by means of a spline which, when pressurized by pressurized air pressure, moves rightward causing discs within it to engage the clutch.
Turbine
Torque converters are an essential component of your car’s transmission system, enabling automatic cars to mimic the functionality of manual clutch transmissions while improving performance, fuel economy and overall durability.
Torque converters are composed of multiple parts working together within a fluid-filled housing. Their purpose is to return some transmission fluid back into the turbine and increase engine power by multiplying transmission fluid output.
To achieve this, torque converters utilize both a turbine and stator. The turbine consists of fan-like blades angled so when transmission fluid flows into them, its flow reverses direction – this prevents it from hitting the housing and slowing it down, one key reason for its success.
The stator consists of fan-like blades with an angled surface. It sits in the center of the converter and alters transmission fluid flows almost by 90 degrees; this allows an impeller to direct fluid directly back towards its turbine instead of just into its pump.
Another key to the effectiveness of torque converters lies in their construction – using air turbines as inspiration, they utilise impellers that spin up your engine crankshaft to turn a turbine and deliver transmission fluid into its impeller.
Not only is the turbine designed to maximize efficiency, it is also intended to prevent transmission fluid temperatures from rising too far. Heat can lead to leakage from elastomer seals that keep transmission fluid within your torque converter leaking out, which could ultimately result in malfunction.
To prevent this from occurring, a stator clutch is installed between the impeller and turbine to keep its impeller from spinning in an opposite direction and allow fluids from reaching the turbine and causing its malfunction.
Turbines may become dysfunctional if they stall or get out of shape, whereby their blades deform or break, potentially even snapping in half and leading to power loss in your vehicle.
Stator
Torque converters are used to increase the torque output of automatic transmissions. They work by taking power from an engine and channeling it through an impeller pump connected to a turbine that turns the input shaft of a transmission.
The stator is one of the key components of a torque converter as it regulates how fluid flows within it and thus helps increase power production. Furthermore, its primary responsibility lies in making sure fluid returns back to its pump in an efficient manner for maximum efficiency.
A torque converter’s stator is a stationary part that resides between its impeller and turbine. At this point, fluid begins spinning toward its inner fins on the turbine.
Some hydraulic torque converters feature a variable pitch stator, enabling the angle of attack to be changed for increased or decreased multiplication of torque multiplication. This feature is typically found in high horsepower race cars.
Stator clutches also play an integral part in torque multiplication by holding the stator in place during low-speed operation, ensuring maximum performance from every torque multiplier.
Failure of the clutch can severely compromise drivability for converters. This often happens during an abrupt increase in RPM known as “neutral start”, where shock loading causes it to fracture, leading it to freely counter-rotate against turbine rotation thereby cutting power transmission completely off.
The stator clutch, located within a torque converter, is an essential component to its operation. This one-way clutch holds back while turbine speed approaches pump speed before releasing it to spin freely upon reaching pump speed.
As soon as a sprag fails, a stator begins to overheat and turn blue – this indicates it has been damaged and needs replacing. You can check for this by placing it on a bench and spinning both ways using your fingers; if one direction revolves freely while locking in another direction then it may need replacing immediately.
Cover
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